Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1055-1065
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-07
Carrier Based Liquid Bioformulation of Salt-Tolerant PGPR Bacillus species for Prolonged Survivability
(Bioformulasi Cecair Berasaskan Pembawa PGPR Spesies Bacillus Toleransi Garam untuk Kemandirian Berpanjangan)
SAYMA SERINE CHOMPA1, ALI TAN KEE ZUAN1,*, ADIBAH MOHD AMIN1, TAN GEOK HUN1,
AMIR HAMZAH AHMAD GHAZALI2, BURAQ MUSA SADEQ1, AMAILY
AKTER1, MD EKHLASUR RAHMAN1,3, HARUN OR RASHID4 & ABBA NABAYI1,5
2School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
3Divisional Laboratory, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Soil Resource Development Institute,
Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
4Department of Modern Language &
Communications, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
5Department of Soil Science, Faculty
of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse (FUD),
Nigeria. PMB 7156, Ibrahim Aliyu bye-pass Jigawa state, Nigeria
Diserahkan: 10 April 2023/Diterima:
27 Mac 2024
Abstract
Salinity has emerged as one of the
agricultural plants' most severe environmental stresses. Recently, a plant
growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being touted
as a means of solving yield and environmental issues worldwide. However,
multi-strain salt-tolerant rhizobacteria have a short
shelf life due to their structural and cellular components, therefore, they
need to be supplemented with a liquid carrier material to serve as a shelter
and energy source for the bacteria for longer survival. The present study has
been undertaken to develop a liquid biofertilizer formulation from multi-strain salt-tolerant PGPR – UPMR, UPMRE6, and a mixed
strain of UPMRB9 and UPMRE6 using an optimum amount of cell protectants, namely
glycerol (5 mM), trehalose (10 mM), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at 1%. The shelf-life was assessed through measurements of optical
density and bacterial biomass to determine the bacterial population and growth
trend at monthly intervals. After three months of incubation, the optical
density was the highest in the mixed strain treatment supplemented with trehalose with 1.3% and 2.2% increase relative to the
UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively, using the same cell protectants. Similarly,
bacterial biomass production was the highest in the mixed strains treatment
amended with trehalose (0.025 g/mL), with 13.64% and
38.89% increment followed by UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. Irrespective of
the type of protectants used and PGPR type, the optical density and bacterial
biomass generally decreased long incubation period. The results demonstrated
that the use of 10 mM trehalose has the potential to extend the bacterial shelf life with the slightest cell
loss.
Keywords: Additives; bioformulation;
plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; salinity; shelf-life
Abstrak
Kemasinan telah menjadi salah satu tekanan alam sekitar yang paling teruk bagi tanaman pertanian. Sejak kebelakangan ini, rhizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan (PGPR) digembar-gemburkan sebagai penyelesaian kepada isu hasil dan alam sekitar di seluruh dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, rhizobakteria tahan masin berbilang strain mempunyai jangka hayat singkat disebabkan struktur dan komponen selnya, oleh itu, ia memerlukan tambahan bahan pembawa cecair yang berfungsi sebagai perlindungan dan sumber tenaga demi kelangsungan hidup yang lebih lama. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan formulasi baja bio cecair daripada PGPR tahan masin pelbagai strain - UPMR, UPMRE6 dan campuran UPMRB9 dan UPMRE6 menggunakan jumlah optimum pelindung sel, iaitu gliserol (5 mM), trehalosa (10 mM) dan polivinil pirolidon (PVP) pada kadar 1%. Jangka hayat dinilai melalui pengukuran ketumpatan optik dan biojisim bakteria untuk menentukan populasi bakteria dan trend pertumbuhan pada sela bulan. Selepas tiga bulan inkubasi, ketumpatan optik adalah yang tertinggi dalam rawatan strain campuran ditambah dengan trehalosa dengan peningkatan masing-masing sebanyak 1.3% dan 2.2% berbanding UPMRE6 dan UPMRB9 menggunakan pelindung sel yang sama. Begitu juga pengeluaran biojisim bakteria adalah yang tertinggi dalam rawatan strain campuran yang dipinda dengan trehalosa (0.025 g/mL) dengan kenaikan masing-masing 13.64% dan 38.89% diikuti oleh UPMRE6 dan UPMRB9. Tanpa mengira jenis pelindung yang digunakan dan jenis PGPR, ketumpatan optik dan biojisim bakteria secara amnya mengurangkan tempoh inkubasi yang panjang. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan trehalosa 10 mM berpotensi untuk memanjangkan jangka hayat bakteria dengan kehilangan sel yang sedikit.
Kata kunci: Aditif; formulasi biologi; jangka hayat; kemasinan; rhizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
tkz@upm.edu.my
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